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13.
80. :, , . (13.10). , . 1. , , S = 200 2 Q = 1,5 105 , = 2 107 . , Δh = 30 ? . (13.12) Q = ΔU + ', ' = pSΔh , . ΔU = Q - pSΔh = 30 .
2. V1 V2 , . ? . V (. 13.10) . . , , , . . A'1 - 2' > A'12 > A12". 2' , 2, 2 , 2" (2' > 2 > 2"). , , 2' 2". 12' AU > 0, 12 ΔU = 0. , Q = ΔU + ' ( ), Q1-2' > Q2 - 2 > Q1- 2" (Q1 - 2" = 0). 3. . , m = 280 , Q = 600 cv = 745 /( ), , . = 0,028 /. . Q = ΔU + '. ΔU = cvmΔT. ' = pΔV = (m/M)RΔT. , Q = mΔT(cv + R/M),
1. , 800 , 500 9,4 106 . . 2. 250 2 10 , , 12,5 . 25 625 . ? 1 . 3. 2 , 0 , , 2 , , 2 . . 4. . , 5 . , . = 103 /( ), 29 /. 5. 12, 23 31 10.9? ? 6. 4 100 ? 7. 2 10 . ( 14 /( ).) 8. , 4 . , , 500 . . 9. 1 . , . 50 ? ?
10. (. 13.11). , . , . . , . ? 11. , 0,1 , . 90 . 10 , 400 /, . ? , .
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